Geography of India

Location of India: 20 00 N, 77 00 E
Continent: Asia
Time Zone: GMT + 05:30 Hours

India, the seventh largest country in the world, occupies 2.4% of the world's land area. The geographical features of the country is extremely diverse. It has landscape of snow-capped mountain ranges, deserts, plains, hills and plateaus. The climate also has a diversification. It is equatorial in the extreme south and tundra in the Himalayan altitudes. The complete geographical details are as given below:

Region South Asia (also known as Indian subcontinent), bordering Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan.
Area 3,287,590 square kms.
Area Classification 90.44% land.
Coastline 7,516 km
Borders Total - 14,103 km
Bangladesh - 4,053 km
Bhutan - 605 km
Burma (Myanmar) - 1,463 km
China - 3,380 km
Nepal - 1,690 km
Pakistan - 2,912 km
Highest Point Kanchenjunga (8,598 m or 28,209 ft)
Lowest Point Kuttanad (-2.2 m or -7.2 ft)
Longest River Ganges-Brahmaputra
Largest Lake Chilka Lake
No. of States 28
No. of Union Territories 7
No. of Districts 600
No. of Villages 6.4 lakhs

Physical Features
The mainland comprise of four zones:-
The great mountain zone;
Plains of the Ganga & Indus;
The desert region and
The Southern Peninsula
Geological Structure
The geological regions may be grouped into three regions:-
The Himalayas & their associated group of mountains
The Indo Ganga Plain
The Peninsular Shield
Rivers
Himalayan Rivers
Peninsula Rivers
Coastal Rivers
Rivers of inland drainage basis
Extreme Points of India

Northernmost Point Siachen Glacier near Karakoram Pass in Jammu and Kashmir.
Southernmost Point Indira Point, Great Nicobar, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari), Tamil Nadu in Mainland India.
Westernmost Point West of Ghaur Mota in Gujarat.
Easternmost Point Kibithu in Arunachal Pradesh.

Climate
Mainly tropical with temperature ranging between 10 to 40 C in most parts of the country
Humid subtropical in Ganges basis
Semi-arid in North West
Tropical humid in north east & most of peninsula
Tundra in Himalayas
All areas receive annual monsoon rainfall with the south-west monsoon dominating
Seasons
Winter (January-February)
Hot weather Summer (March-May)
Rainy South-Western monsoon (June-September)- Post monsoon also known as north-east monsoon in the southern peninsula (October-December)
Natural Vegetation
The Himalayan region is very rich in natural vegetation. It possess varieties which are found from the tropical to tundra regions. But, the altitude influences the vegetation distribution. In the rest of the country, amount of rainfall determines the type of vegetation. The country, leaving Himalayan region, can be divided in the following three major vegetation:
The tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests.
The tropical deciduous forests.
The thorn forests and shrubs.
Natural Resources
Coal (4th largest reserves in the world)
Iron ore
Manganese
Mica
Bauxite
Titanium ore
Chromite
Natural gas
Diamonds
Petroleum
Limestone
Arable land
Countries Having Common Boundaries with India
Afghanistan & Pakistan to North West
China, Bhutan & Nepal to North
Mayanmar to East · Bangladesh to East of West Bengal
Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by Palk Strait & Gulf of Mayanmar.